Metal-working machine.



PATBNTED AUG. 4, 1903.

lJ. ARTNESS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

n APPLIOATION'IILBD Nov. 20, 1901. No no DBL.

4 sums-SHEET 1.

@imwg ma nowms PETERS w.. PHoToLwHn.. wAsHm PATENTBD AUG. 4, 1903.

,'J. HARTNBSS. METAL WORKING MACH-INE.

A PPLIOATION FILED NOV. 20, 1901. l

4 SHEETS-SHEET Z,-

l1K0 MODEL.

PATENTED AUG. 4, 1903.

J. HARTNBSS. METAL WORKING MACHINE.

'APPLICATION FILED NOV. 2.0, 1901.

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No. 735,254. PATENTBD AUG. 4, 190s.

' J. HARTNBSS.

METAL WORKING MACHINE. APPLIUATION FILED NOV. 20, 1901.

N0 MODEL. 4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

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ivo. 735,254.

. UNITED STATES e Patented August 4, 190e.

JAMES IIARTNESS, OF SPRINGFIELD, VERMONT. l

METAL-WORKINc MACHINE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 735,254, dated August 4, 1903.

Application filed November 20, 1901. Serial No. 82,993. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAMES HARTNEss, of Springfield, in the county of Windsor and State of Vermont, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Metal-Working Machines, of which the following is a specitication. i

This invention has relation to lathes and to tools employed in connection therewith; and it has for its object to provide- First. An opening and closing'tool adapted to be operated by duid-actuated mechanism.

the desired order.

Second. An improved tool having a series of variously-formed edges according to the requirements of the work, with mechanism for presenting the said edges to the work in In ordinary practice every other tooth ofthe cutter or tool may be shaped to provide a square shoulder, the other edges being rounded, so that in operation the rounded cutting edge can take a long cut subsequent to the presentation of the next succeeding edge which forms the square shoulder that is usually required. t t

Third. A tool in combination with improved mechanism for moving the cutting edge and the back-rest into operative relation to the work.- i

Fourth. A tool having novel means for supplying oil to theportion of the work which is being cut.

Fifth. Improved mechanism with which any nuinberof tools located upon a turret may be brought successively into operative relation;

Referring to the drawings, which illustrate one embodiment of my invention,Figure 1 represents in plan viewa portion of a tu rret-lathev upon which `is mounted my improved tool and adjacent to which is securedthe toolclosing mechanism.. Fig. 2 represents an end' elevation of the same with the back-rest and the cutter in inoperative position. Fig. 3

`shows the same with the `parts in operative having these features is illustrated in my Letters Patent No. 672,398, dated April 16, 1901, `to which reference may be had, if desired. The face of the turret is provided with radial grooves, as ordinarily, for the reception of the tools which are bolted thereon. On the turret is placed a tool having a standard d. In employing the word tool I have used it in the sense of meaning not only the cutter, but also those parts upon which the cutter is mounted, including the standard and the parts att-ached or secured thereto. The standard has an aperture d, through which the work may be passed, and it is provided with a chamber d2 for a purpose to be described. To the upper part of the standard or frame are pivoted two carriers andf, which are mounted upon fulerums e' f', respectively, consisting of shouldered bolts, as shown in Fig. 3. The carrier fdepends from its fulcrum e; but the carrier e crosses that at f, so as to move downwardly as Well as laterally, the carrier f being cut away, as shown in* Fig. 6, to permit free movement of the said carrier e. These carriers are arranged on both sides of the work A as it projects throughthe aperture d' in theframe or standard d, and they are moved to and held yieldinglyin inoperative position by a helical spring gx, which is =in terposed between them and is placed in sockets @2f/2, as shown in Fig. 6.

, The-carrier e is grooved for the reception of the two blocks h h, which constitute the back-rest for the work, said blocks being cut away, as at h', to provideya reentrant angle, against the sides of which the Work may bear.. To adjust said blocks, there are provided the two screens h2, which are passed through the carrier and bear against the heels of the blocks.

having multiple cutting edges. This cutter maybe formed in any one of a variety of The carrier f supports acutterways, so that it will be remembered in coning rearwardly from the carrier e.

vof the standard by a screw m.

nection with the following description that so far as many features of the invention are concerned there is no intention on my part to limit the cutter to the particular form which is illustrated. The cutter itself is indicated as a whole at g, and it is formed with a series of teeth having cutting edges g', g2, g3, g4, g5, and Q6, which may be at different distances from the axis or center. These edges may be formed in any desired way in accordance with the requirements of the work; but, as previously indicated, it is my preference to form every other ed-ge in a curve for turning the work and to form the remainder to produce a square shoulder on the work. The cutter is formed upon an arbor h4, which is journaled in the carrier e. The rear portion of the arbor is threaded, as at h5, for the reception of a nut h6 to hold it in place, and it is also formed at its extremity with the ratchet-teeth h3, against which bears a leafspring t', held between two pins z" t2, project- The teeth of the cutter bear successively against an adjustable pinj, set in a rotatable stud-shaftj, journaled in the carrier c and held yieldingly against a stop-pin j? by a coiled spring js. This ping' withstands the pressure upon the tool due to the operative engagement of the cutting edge with the work, although it is adapted to yield to permit the cutter to be `advanced in the direction of the arrow in Fig. 2.

Pivoted upon a screw It; passed into the ear la on the standard d there is a double-ended pawl, one end, k2, of which is adapted to en gage the ratchet h3, while the opposite end, 7c3, is-adapted to bear against a pin 264, projecting rearwardly from the carrier e. When the carrier is reciprocated laterally away from the work, this pawl engages the pin [c4 and a tooth on the ratchet and rotates the cutter one step, and as the carrier is moved toward the work the end 7a2 of the paWl rides over the next tooth of the ratchet in position to operate it. The spring vl bears in such way upon the teeth of the ratchet h3 that it holds the tooth ofthe cutter, upon which the operative cutting edge is formed, against the end of the ping.

It is evident that provision must be made to limit theextent to which the carriers may be moved toward the work, and therefore to thisend I provide an abutment consisting of a collar m, secured to the lower front portion On one side of the collar there is a boss m2, having a socket for the reception of the end of an adjustingscrew m3, passed throughy the lower end of the carrier f. The end of the screw m5 is By adjusting the opposite side of the collarmis secured a screwpin m4, which extends into an aperture m5, formed in the carrier e. The walls of theaperture are partially threaded for the reception of an adjustable screw-pin m6, with which the end of the pin m4 may be engaged when the carrier is moved forward. By the provision of the stops m2 and m, carried by the single abutment, the pressure of one of the carriers in a measure counterbalances the pressure of the other. I prefer to form the stops in this way, since I thereby prevent the interposition of chips or cuttings between the stops on the carriers and the stationary stops m2 m4, which would prevent the accuracy of operation of the tool.

For the purpose of operating the carriers, I provide Huid-actuated mechanism consisting of two cylinders n o, secured to the carriage a on the front and rear and on the chuck end thereof. These cylinders are slightly inclined from the horizontal, and they are supplied with iuid through the conduits or pipes n n and o o', respectively. In each cylinder there is a piston n2 or o2, adapted at its inner end to bear against a lever or arm fulcrumed upon the carriage. These arms or levers are indicated at n3 05, respectively, and they are pivoted upon studs n4 04, as shown. They are in position to engage the free ends of the carriers and move them to operative position when fluid is admitted to the outer ends of the cylinders n 0 to eect the advance of the pistons ft2-o2. The cylinders, pistons, and arms or levers are so mounted upon the carriage that when the pistons are withdrawn the arms or levers move out of the path of the tools on the turret. They are adapted to coact with'a plurality of tools upon the same turret as they are moved successively to position by the rotation of said turret.

The operation of the device is as follows: Assuming that the parts are in the position shown in Fig. 2, fluid is admitted to the rear ends of the cylinders n and o and the pistons are forced inwardly, carrying wit-h them the free ends ofthe levers n3 o'until the latter engage the free ends of the carriers e and f to swing them about their respective pivots e f. The movement of the carrierfis somewhat less than that of the carrier e, so that the back-rest is engaged with the work a short period of time before its engagement by the cutter. The pressure of iiuid in the cylinders continues until the end of the cut is reached, when the supply of fluid from the rear end of the cylinder is cut off and fluid is admitted to the frontends thereof to move the pistons in the opposite direction and permit the advancement of the cutter onestep. This may occur while the carriage is traveling rearward and before it is again advanced to bring :the next cutting edge into engagement with the work.

In order to supply oil or a cooling medium to the cutters and the work, I provide the IOO chamber d", hereinbefore referred to. Communicating with this chamber is an aperture or port p, so located as to direct a stream of said cooling medium upon the work and the cutter, said port being formed in the upper part of the standard and in the wall of the aperture d. As shown in Fig. 2, the chamber d2 communicates with a port p', which passes through the turret c and which is adapted to register, when the turret comes in `proper position, with a chamber p2, formed in the carriage. The cooling medium is delivered to this chamber through a pipe p3, leading from any convenient source ofv supply. In the chamber p2 there is a springpressed valve p4, which bears against the under surface of the turret and which has a longitudinal aperture therethrough. This aperture is shown in dotted lines, and while closed to prevent the discharge of oil when the turret is turning itis at the same time adapted to register With the port p' in the turret when the latter has reached its working position.

It will be understood that so far as the features of the tool-closing and the back-restmoving mechanism are concerned I may dispense with the fluid-actuated device and provide `mechanical appliances in lieu thereof; thatthe levers or arms 'n3 oare not essential to the invention, broadly considered; that the cutter may be varied in form, inasmuch as any other type of multiple edge cutter may be `devised to operate upon the work in connection withmeans for closing upon the work; that the cooling contrivance may be likewise 4 replaced by any other suitable appliance;

that the back-rest may be formed integrally `with its carrier, and that various of these parts to which I have referred may be used `separately or in conjunction with machines position as the rocking arms move upward and inward toward the median longitudinal line of the bed. The mechanism for operating the carriers is thus located in such way that it` does not cover or obstruct any of the tools upon the turret. I regard the construction and relative arrangement of the carriers as important. It will be observed that they are pivoted upon studs located above the work and are crossed, as described, so that they extenddown on opposite sides of thework.

The pivot for the cutter-carrier is located above the top edge of 'the cutting-tool, and

. there is a surface 0c von the standard against which the carrier maybe seated, and consequently the cutting strain is borne by the stud without a tendency on the part of the carrier to buckle, bend, or twist, the working strains serving merely to throw the cutter-carrier firmly against its seat on the face of the standard. The standard has a similar. seat y for the back-rest carrier. This manner of mounting the cutter and back-rest is such that as the center on which the cutter-carrier is pivoted is above the top edge of the cutting-tool the cutting strain amounts to a tensile pull on the part which connects the cutter to its pivot. Comparativelylittle pressure is therefore required to hold the carrier in operative position. The back-rest must be opposite the edge of the cutter, and hence the best results are secured by crossing its carrier over the cutter-carrier. Moreover, by crossing said carriers a single resettingspring may be placed between them to operate on both simultaneously.

Having thus explained the nature of the invention and described a way of constructing and using the same, although without attempting to set forth all of the forms in which it maybe made or all of the modes of its use, I declare that what I claim is 1. A lathe having a carriage, a turret rotatable thereon, a tool on said turret having a movable back-rest, and a movable cutter, and independent fluid-operated means mounted on the carriage for moving said back-rest and cutter to operative positions independently of each other.

2. A lathe having a carriage, a turret rotatable thereon, a tool on said turret having an oscillatory back-rest carrier, and an oscillatory cutter-carrier, and independent uidoperated means for moving each of said `carriers to operative position independently of the other. Y

3. A lathe having a carriage, a turret thereon, constructed to receive tools having movable cutters and back-rests, and mechanism located on said carriage and adapted to operate successively upon the tools to bring the cutters and the back-rests to operative position.

4. A lathe having a carriage, a turrethaving a cutter and a movable back-rest, and Huid-actuated means mounted partly on said carriage and partly on said turret for moving said back-rest to operative position.

5. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a tur` ret, a tool on said turret having a movable cutter, and a cylinder and piston on said carriage for closing said movable cutter to operative position. i

6. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a turret, a' tool on said turret having a cutter and a movable back-rest, and a cylinder and piston on said carriage for moving said back-rest to operative position. i i J 7. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, aturret, a tool on said turret having a movable cutter, a piston and cylinder on said carriage, and means intervening between said piston IOO IIO

vand said cutter for moving the latter to operative position.

8. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a turret, a tool on said turret having a movable cutter, a piston and cylinder on said carriage and a rocking lever on said carriage for imparting the movement of said piston to said cutter.

9. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a tur-Y ret, a tool on said turret having a movable cutter, a piston and cylinder mounted at an inclination on said carriage below the surface of the turret, and a lever for imparting the movement of said piston to said cutter.

10. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a turret, a tool on said turret having a movable cutter, and means movable upward and toward the median longitudinal line of the bed for moving the cutter to operative position.

1l. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a turret, a tool on said turret having a movable cutter, and means normally located below the path of rotation of the tool as it moves bodily with the turret, for moving said cutter to operative position.

12. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a turret, a tool on said turret having a movable back-rest and a movable cutter, and pistons and cylinders projecting inwardly toward the median longitudinal line of the bed for moving said back-rest and said cutter to operative position.

13. A lathe having a bed, a carriage, a turret, a tool on said turret having a movable back-rest and a movable cutter, pistons and cylinders projecting inwardly toward the median longitudinal line of the bed for moving said back-rest and said cutter to operative position, and rockers intervening between said piston and said back-rest and said cutter.

14. The combination with a tool having two oppositely-movable elements, to wit: a backrest and a cutter, an abutment located between said elements, and adjustable stops on said elements for simultaneously engaging said abutment, of means for moving said elements to bring said stops into engagement with said abutment.

15. A lathe-tool comprising a standard, a carrier, a cutter on said carrier having multiple cutting edges, means on said standard for-presenting said edges in predetermined order to the work, and a pivoted yielding pin or rest adapted to engage each cutting edge and resist the thrust of the work, the end of said pin or rest being located in the path of the cutting edges.

16. A tool, comprising a standard having provisions for the reception of the work, and having means for attachment to a turret, whereby it may rotate therewith, a bodilymovable cutter-carrier, a cutter thereon, and a pivot located above the operative edge of the cutter for connecting said cutter-carrier to said standard, whereby the strain of said cutter-carrier is longitudinal thereof, said standard and said carrier having contacting faces so that the strain on the carrier due to the advance of the tool is borne by the said face on the standard.

17. A tool comprising a standard, having means for attachment to\a turret, a cutter, a carrier pivoted above the operative edge of the cutter, to the standard, and means for moving said carrier, said standard and said carrier having contacting faces so that the strain on the carrier due to the advance of the tool is borne by the said face on the standard.

18. A tool comprising a standard, having means for attachment to a turret, a cutter, a carrier for said cutter, located transversely of the work, a pivot located above the upper edge of the cutter for connecting said carrier to said standard, and means for moving said carrier above said pivot, said standard and said-carrier having contacting faces so that the strain on the carrier due to the advance of the tool is borne by the said face on the standard.

19. A tool comprising a standard having means for attachment to a turret, a bearingface, a cutter, a cutter-carrier resting against said face, a pivot projecting from said standard for pivotal-ly supporting said carrier, said parts being arranged and combined whereby .the working strain on the cutter forces the carrier firmly against the pivot and the said face. y

20. A tool comprising a standard, two crossed carriers pivotally connected at their ends to the carrier to depend transversely of the work, a cutter on one carrier, a back-rest on the other carrier, and means for engaging and moving the said carriers.

2l. A tool comprising a standard having an aperture for the reception of the work, two pivot-studs located side by side above the work, a carrier pivoted to one stud and extending across one side of the work, a carrier pivoted to the other stud and extending across the first mentioned carrier and across the other side of the work, a cutter on one carrier, and a back-rest on the other carrier.

22. A tool comprising a standard, a swinging cutter-holder, a swinging back-rest, and means located between them for limiting the movement of the said cutter-holder and the back-rest.

23. A tool comprising a standard, a cutter, a back-rest, crossed carriers pivotally supported upon the standard, and carrying the back-rest and the cutter respectively, means for positively moving said carriers to bring the back-rest and cutter to operative position, and means for moving said carriers in the opposite direction.

ln testimony whereof I have affixed my sig- `nature in presence of two witnesses.

JAMES HARTNESS. Witnesses:

W. D. WooLsoN, H. H. BLANCHARD.

IIl 

